21

No. 21. Karle Buddhist cave inscription.

Prakrit. This inscription is badly mutilated, and what remains is half obliterated. If, nevertheless, I have attempted to translate the fragments, and believe that the readings and my rendering are tolerably certain, the circumstance which encourages me is that this document is very similar to the three Nаsik inscriptions, No, 14, No. 11A, and 11B, which also contain land grants made in favour of Bauddha mendicants. This resemblance permits us, also, to confidently assign our inscription to one of the two Andhra kings who caused the three Nаsik edicts to be incised, i.e., either to Gautamиputra Sаtakarнi or to Vаsiштhиputra Puлumаyi. (ASWI)

Chaitya cave. On the 2nd and 3nd tiers of the frieze between the central and the right-hand door. (Sen.)

1834 Stevenson, JBAS III, p. 498, Nos. C and D. with facsimile; 1837 Prinsep. JBAS VI, p. 1048, No. 7, and Plate LIII; 1847 Bird-Mitchell-Wilson, Hist. Res. p. 60, No. 23, and Plate XXXVII, 5-7; 1854 Stevenson-Brett, JBBRAS V, p. 154 f., Nos. 7, 5 and 6, and Plate, Nos. 7, 3 and 6; 1856 corr. by Stevenson, JBBRAS V, p. 427; 1881 ment. by Bhagvanlal Indraji-Burgess, ICTWI, p. 36, No. 19, and Plate; 1883 Buфhler, ASWI, IV. p. 112 f., No. 9.20, and Plate LIV; 1895 note by Pischel, Nachr. Goфtt. Ges. Wiss. Phil. Hist. Kl. 1895, p. 213 f.; 1896 corr. by Franke, ZDMG L, p. 597; 1901 corr. by Hultzsch, EI VI, p. 319, notes 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7; 1902 Senart, EI VII, p. 64 ff., No. 19, and Plate II; 1908 corr. by Rapson, Catalogue of the Coins of the Andhra Dynasty, etc. p. XLIX, No.9; Luders list No 1105;

Lu: -Fragment. Order of . . . . to Pariguta (? Parigupta), the officer (amacha) at Mаmадa, regarding the gift of the village (gаma) of Karajaka in the Mаmаla district (аhаra) on the northern road as monks' land (bhikhuhala) to the mendicant (pavajita) friars (bhikhu) dwelling in the Vаluraka (Vаlуraka) caves (lенa) for the support of the school (nikаya) of the Mahаsaghiyas (Mahаsамghikas). The plates were prepared by Sivakhaдaguta (Щivaskandha-gupta). The second figure of the date of the year is uncertain.
-sava 10 [8] vа pa 4 diva 1.

TEXT.

1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [аnаpayati] mаmа[le] amacha pa . ga . . masu etha lenasa Valurakasa vатhavаna
2. pavajitаna bhikhuna nikаyasa mahаsagh[i]yаna yapanaya etha mаmаlаhаre utaramaga(ge) gаma(me) karajake[su] . . .
3. bhikhuhala dadama [|] etesa gаma(me) karajake[su] bhikhuhala-deya papahi [|] etasa chasa
4. gаmasa karajakаna bhikhuhalaparihаra vitarаma a[pa]vesa . . . . . . . . . . . pаrihаrika cha [|] etehi na parihаrehi parihariha [|] ete chasa gаm[e] karajake[su]
5. bhikhuhalaparihаre [cha] etha nibadho[lehi] aviyena аnata . . . . . . . . . . . . . to vijayathasаtаre dato тhe raга paтikа sava 1[4?]
6. vа pa 4 diva 1 sivakhadagutena kaта [||]

Notes
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L. 1. Sen. has mаmа[дe], par . gata . . masu, lenesa.
L. 2. Sen. has mahаsagh . yаna y . pan . ya etha; utare mage g . m . karajak .
L. 3. Sen. has [tu] after etesa, karajake, pаpehi
L.4 Read parihariмha.(ASWI); Sen. has apаvesa a . . . ; pariharah. et. chasa gаma karajake.
L.5 Read vijayakhadhаvаre datатhi.(ASWI); Sen. has nibadhаpehi, chhato vijayaтhasatаre, and not read raга;

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(ASWI) "[King] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . addresses [these] commands to . . . . . . . the minister in [charge of] Mаmаla . . . . we have given for the support of the mendicant friars of the school of the Mahаsaghiyas [Mahаsaмghikas] who live here in the Valuraka [Valуraka] cave, a bhikhuhala here in the village of Karajaka [which is situated] in the northern division of the Аhаra [Zillа of] Mаmаla. To them the gift of a bhikhuhala in (? DNL Sen not read loc. in text) the village of Karajaka has been granted. And we grant for this village of Karajaka the exemption [from taxes and interference suitable] for a bhikhuhala [viz., that] it shall not be entered [by royal officers] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and be endowed with immunities [of all kinds]. By [granting] these immunities we exempt it [from interference by the revenue officers]. With respect to this village of Karajaka and with respect to this exemption a deed has here been drawn up by . . . . . . . who received verbal orders [to that effect] . . . . . . . . . and a written grant has been given by the king in his victorious camp on the first day of the first fortnight of the rainy season in the year 1[4?] [which has been] prepared by Sivakhadaguta [Щivaskandhagupta]."

Notes to translation (ASWI)
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1. [Mahаsaмghikas] - One of the most ancient divisions of the Bauddhas (conf. Mahаvaмso, v. 4; Ind. Ant., vol. IX, pp. 300, 301; Vassilief, Bouddisme, p. 225).(ASWI)
2. Bhikhuhala - Literally, "a mendicant-plough;" the precise technical meaning of this term is unknown to me, but as the village is also allowed the immunities (parihаra) usually granted for dharmadаna land, it would seem that the royal share of the produce was made over to the Bauddha mendicants.(ASWI) Sen. - 'monk's land'
3ю This is probably identical with the Karajika which, according to No. 13, Рiшabhadatta, the son-in-law of Nahapаna, gave to the community at Valуraka. If this be so, we have in this grant one ot the effects of the destruction of the Kшaharаta dynasty, of which Gautamиputra boasts in Nasik No. 16.(ASWI)
4. The term аhаra, as we know from the Valabhи grants, corresponds exactly to the modern "Zillа or Collectorate." The name Mаmаla is evidently the ancient form of the modern Mаvaл (Mаul); the change of medial ma to va is common in Marатhи. Mаvaл being still the name of the tract along the Sahyаdri or Ghат range, fully corresponds with the position of the ancient Mаmаla. We have thus another proof that the lapse of two thousand years has not changed much in the geographical names of Western India and its territorial divisions.(ASWI)