No. 1. Udayagiri cave (Hathigumphа) inscription. Prakrit.
1825 noticed by Stirling, As. Res. Vol. XV. p. 313 f., and Pl.; 1837 Kittoe- Prinsep, JBAS
VI, p. 1075-91, and Pl. LVIII; 1877 Cunningham, CII I, p. 27 f.; 98-101; 132 f., and Pl.
XVII; 1880 Rajendralala Mitra, Antiquties of Orissa, Vol. II. p. 16 ff., with facsimile;
1885 Bh. Indraji, Actes Six. Congr. Or. aй Leide, Part III. Sect. II. p. 152-177, and
Pl.; 1895 corr. by Buфhler, Ind. Studies, No. III. p. 13f.=1898 Buфhler, Origin of
Indian Brаhma Alphabet, p. 13 f.; 1910 corr. by Fleet, JRAS 1910, p. 242 ff.; 824 ff;
Luders list No 1345; Jayaswal, K.P. and Banerji, R.D. EI, XX, No.7, p. 71; B.M. Barua, Old
Brahni Inscriptions, No. 1; IHQ, XIV, p. 261; SI No. 91;
. of the Kаliмgаdhipati Khаravеla. - .
Fragment. After an invocation of the Arahaмtas (Arhats) and all Sidhas (Siddhas), the
inscription gives a description of the deeds of the noble (aira) mahаrаja Siri-Khаravеla
(or Khаravеla-siri), Mahаmеghavаhana, lord (adhipati) of Kaliмga, the propagator of
the royal family of the Chetas; called also the king of peace (khеmarаjan), the king of
old people (vadharаjan), the king of monks (bhikhurаjan). When he was fifteen years old,
he obtained the position of heir-apparent (yovaraja) which he held for nine years. When he
had completed his twenty-fourth year, he was anointed mahаrаja in the third generation
of the royal family of Kaliмga. In the first year he repaired some buildings in the city
(nagarи) of Kaлiмga. In the second year, without taking heed of Sаtakaнi, he sent a
large army to the west and took (?) some town with the help of the Kusaмbas (? Kauщаmbas).
In the third year he delighted the city with festivals. In the fourth year he honoured
some sanctuary that had been honoured by the former kings of Kaliмga and received the
homage of the provincial (raтhika) and local chiefs (bhоjaka). In the fifth year he had
an aqueduct (panади) that had not been used for 103 years since king (rаjan) Naмda
(or since the Naмda kings ?) conducted into the city. In the eighth year, after having
killed . . . . . . . he was harassing the king (napa) of Rаjagaha (Rаjagрiha) so that
he fled (?) to Madhurа (Mathurа). In the ninth year he made great gifts to Brahmans
(bamaнa) and constructed the Mahаvijaya palace. In the record of the tenth year Bhаradhavasa
(Bhаratavarшa) is mentioned. In the eleventh year he had some place founded by former
kings, perhaps Pithuдa, ploughed with a plough, and revived the meditation on the feet of
Jina that had not been practised for 113 years. In the twelfth year, harassing the kings
(rаjan) of Utarаpatha (Uttarаpatha) and striking terror into the Magadhas, he watered
his elephants in the Gaмgа and made the Mаgadha king (rаjan) bow at his feet; he also
adorned some temple and made great gifts. Besides, the record of this year mentions again
king (rаjan) Naмda (or the Naмda kings ?). In the thirteenth year he erected pillars
(thabha), etc. on the Kumаrиpavata (Kumаrиparvata) in the vicinity of the dwelling
(nisidyа) of the Arahatas (Arhats). There is no date in this inscription.
Punkt. marks - [. ,*] - in EI XX, [| ||**] - in SI., [| ||*] - equal from two.
SI date - cannot be much earlier than 1 cent. AD.
TEXT (see in notes important re-reading from D.Ch. Sircar !).
1 [Crown][Svastika] Namo Ar[i]baмtаnaм [|*] Namo sava-Sidhаnaм[||*]
Airena Mahаrаjena Mаhаmeghavаhanena Cheti-rаja-vasa-vadhanena pasatha-subha
lakhanena chaturaмta-luтhita-guн-opahitena Kaliмg-аdhipatinа siri-Khаravelena
2 paмdarasa-vasаni siri-kaдаra-sarиra vatа kидitа kumаra-kидikа [||*] Tato
lekha-rуpa-gaнanа-vavahаra-vidhi-visаradena sava-vijаvadаtena nava-vasаni
Yovaraja[м] pasаsitaм[|*] Saмpuнa-chatu-vиsati-vaso tadаni vadhamаna-sesayo Ven-аbhivijayo
tatiye
3 Kaliмga-rаja-va[м]se purisa-yuge Mаhаrаj-аbhisechanaм pаpunаti [||*]
Abhisita-mato cha padhame vase [,*] vаta-vihita-gopura-pаkаra-nivesanaм paтi-saмkhаrayati
[;*] Kaliмga-nagari-Khibиra-isi-tаla-taдаga-pадiyo cha baмdhаpayati [;*] sav-uyаna-pa[тi]saмthapanaм
cha
4 kаrayati panatиsаhi sata-sahasehi Pakatiyo cha raмjayati [||*] Dutiye cha vase
achitayitа Sаtakaмniм pachhima-disaм haya-gaja nara-radha-bahulaм daмдaм paтhаpayati
[|*] Kaгha-beмна-gatаya cha senаya vitаsitaм M[u]sika-nagaraм [||*] Tatiye puna
vase
5 gaмdhava-veda-budho dapa-nata-gиta-vаdita-saмdaмsanаhi usava-samаja-kаrа-panаhi
cha kидаpayati nagariм [||*] Tathа chavuthe vase Vijаdhar-аdhivаsaм ahata-puvaм
Kaliмga-puva-rаja-[nivesitaм] . . . . . . . . . . vitadha-ma[ku]тa-sabilama[дh]ite
cha nikhita-chhata-
6 bhiмgаre hita-ratana-sаpateye sava-Raтhika-Bhojake pаde vaмdаpayati [||*] Paмchame
cha dаnи vase Naмda-rаja-ti-vasa-sata-oghатitaм Tanasuliya-vата paнадiм
Nagaraм pavesa[ya]ti [.*] So . . . bhisito cha Rаjas[у]ya[м] saмdasayaмto
sava-kara-vaнaм
7 anugaha-anekаni sata-sahasаni visajati Poraм Jаnapadaм [||*] Satamaм cha vasaм
pasаsato Vajiraghara-vati-ghusita-gharini sa matuka-pada-puмna . . [ku]ma . . . . . . .
. . [.*] Aтhame cha vase mahatа sen[а] . . . . . . . Goradhagiriм
8 ghаtаpayitа Rаjagahaм upapидаpayati [|*] Etin[а] cha kaмmapadаna-sa[м]nаdena
samb[i]ta-sena-vаhane vipamu[м]chitu Madhuraм apayаto Yavana-rаj[а] D[i]mi[ta] . . .
. . . . . yachhati . . . . . . . . . . . . . . palava . .
9 kapa-rukhe haya-gaja-radha-saha-yaмte sava-ghar-аvаsa-parivasane agiнathiyа
sava-gahanaм cha kаrayituм Baмhaнаnaм jаtiм parihаraм dadаti [|*] Arahato [va
?] . . . . . . . . . . . . [gi]ya[to]
10 . . . . . k.i. mаna[ti]rаja-saмnivаsaм Mahаvijayaм pаsаdaм kаrayati aтha-tisаya
sata-sahasehi [|*] Dasame cha vase daмдa-saмdhи-sа[ma]-mayo Bharadhavasa-paтhаnaм
mah[и]-jayanaм . . . . . . . . . kаrаpayati [||**]. . . . . . . p[а]yаtаnaм cha
man[i]-ratnаni upalabhate
11 [maмдaм] cha Ava-rаja-nivesitaм Pиthuмдaм gadabha-naмgalena kаsayati [|**]
janasa dabhаvanaм cha terasa vasa-satikaм аbhi[м]dati T[r]amira-desha-saмghаtaм[|*]
Bаrasame cha vase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hasa . ke [saha]-sehi vitаsayati Utarаpadha-rаjаno
. . . . . . . . .
12 M[a]gadhаnaм cha vipulaм bhayaм janeto hathи Sugaмgиya[м] pаyayati [|*] M[аga]dha[м]
cha rаjаnaм Baha[sa]timitaм pаde vaмdаpayati [|*] Naмda-rаja-nиtaм cha Kа[li]кga-Jinaм
saмnive[sa] . . . . . . . . . . . [gaha]-rata[nа]na[м] paдиhаrehi Aмga-Magadha-vasuм
cha neyаti [||*]
13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . katu[м] jaтhara-l[i]khila barаni siharаni
nivesayati sata-visikanaм [pa]rihаrehi[.*] Abhutam=achhariyaм cha hathi-nivа[sa]-pari-saraм
. . . . . . haya-hathи-ratanа-[mаnikaм] Paмдa-rаjа [ch=edаni anekаni] m[u]ta-maнi-ratanаni
аharаpayati idha sa t[a].
14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sino vasиkaroti [|*] Terasame cha vase
supavata-vijaya-chaka-Kumаrи-pavate arahayate pa-khiнa-saм[si]tehi kаya-nisиdиyаya
yаpa-гаvakehi rаja-bhitini china-vatаni vаs[а]-s[i]tаni [;*] pуj-аnurata-uvаs[aga-Khа]ravela-sirinа
jиva-deha-[siri]kа parikhitа [||**]
15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sukat[а]-samaнa-suvihitаnaм cha
sata-disаnaм гan[i]naм tapas[i]-is[i]naм saмghayanaм [.*] Arahata-nisиdiyа samиpe
pаbhаre var-а-kаra-samuthаpitаhi aneka-yojan-аhitаhi pa si . o . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . silаhi Siмha-patha-raги-Si[м]dhuлаya nisayаni
16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paтalako chaturo cha veдуriya-gabhe thaмbhe
patiтhаpayati [,*] pаnatarиya sata-sahase[hi] [|*] Muriya-kаla-vochhinaм cha choyaтh[i]
Aмga-satika[м] turiyaм upаdayati [|*] Khema-rаjа sa Vaдha-rаjа sa Bhikhu-rаjа
Dhama-rаjа pasaмt[o] sunat[o] anubhavat[o] kalанаni
17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . guнa-visesa-kusalo sava-pаsaмдa-pуjako
sava-de[v-аya]tana-saмkhаra-kаrako [a]patihata-chaki-vаhini-balo
chaka-dhura-guta-chako pavata-chako rаjasi-Vasу-kula-viniщrito mahа-vijayo Rаjа-Khаravela-siri
[||*] [Symbol-Branched tree within railing].